精准扶贫、精准脱贫
2014年12月11日闭幕的中国中央经济工作会议，首次在中央工作层面明确提出了精准脱贫的概念；2015年6月18日，习近平在贵州调研时强调，扶贫开发"贵在精准，重在精准，成败之举在于精准"，"精准扶贫"随后成为社会各界热议的关键词。2015年11月3日发布的"十三五规划建议"中，进一步作出"实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫"的工作部署。精准脱贫，就是要防止用经济收入的平均数掩盖大多数，而是要更加注重保障基本民生，更加关注低收入群众生活。精准扶贫，则是要做到对贫困人口进行精确识别、精确帮扶，对扶贫工作做到精确管理。中央明确提出精准扶贫、精准脱贫，是因为中国的扶贫开发工作已进入"啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨"的冲刺期。为了真正实现"精准"目标，习近平提出了"扶贫对象精准、措施到户精准、项目安排精准、资金使用精准、因村派人精准、脱贫成效精准"的具体要求。
Targeted approach to alleviating poverty
At the closure of the Central Economic Work Meeting on December 11, 2014, the central leadership floated the idea of a targeted approach toalleviating poverty. On June 18, 2015, during his visit to Guizhou Province, Xi Jinping once more raised the subject, which he believes will determine the success of the poverty alleviation drive. It has subsequently become a hot topic among the general public. In its Proposal for Formulating the 13th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, released in November 2015, the 18th CPC Central Committee specified targeted measures to be taken in the coming five years.
Targeted efforts are designed to ensure that average income statistics would not eclipse the true living conditions of many in hardship. Such efforts require attention to detail. Greater emphasis will be laid upon identifying low-income groups in need of assistance, so that they will receive due attention and their basic standard of living will be guaranteed.
The central leadership proposed such a targeted approach at a time when China faces a daunting challenge in its efforts to eliminate the final pockets of poverty across the country. To ensure that poverty reductionefforts are fully effective, Xi Jinping called for policies and programs of assistance to be tailored for the needs of individual families in conjunction with targeted funding and village-specific expert support, and to be pursued with a results-oriented focus.
