巡视制度
巡视制度是中国共产党党内的一项重要制度，是指中央和省、自治区、直辖市党委，通过建立专门巡视机构，按照有关规定对下级党组织领导班子及其成员进行监督的制度。2003年，以党内法规的形式把巡视制度确定为党内监督的十项制度之一；2007年，党的十七大把巡视制度写入党章；2009年，党中央颁布《中国共产党巡视工作条例（试行）》；2015年8月，中共中央印发《中国共产党巡视工作条例》；2017年5月，中央政治局审议了《关于修改〈中国共产党巡视工作条例〉的决定》，并于7月1日正式颁布。按照规定，巡视工作坚持中央统一领导、分级负责；坚持实事求是、依法依规；坚持群众路线、发扬民主；开展巡视工作的党组织承担巡视工作的主体责任；巡视组的主要工作职责是对下级党组织领导班子及其成员进行监督；巡视的方式有专项巡视、“回头看”、“机动式”巡视等。十八大以来，中央一共组织了十二轮巡视，实现了党的历史上首次一届任期内中央巡视全覆盖。实践证明，巡视制度是有效的、管用的。巡视工作成为党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的重要平台，是党内监督和群众监督相结合的重要方式，是上级党组织对下级党组织监督的重要抓手，为全面从严治党提供了有力支撑。
The Inspection Tour System
The inspection tour system is an important CPC institution through which Party committees at the central level and provincial, autonomous regional, and municipal levels form specialized inspection agencies to supervise Party organizations and leadership teams under their jurisdiction according to prescribed rules.
In 2003, internal Party rules made this system one of the CPC’s ten internal supervisory institutions. In 2007, the 17th CPC National Congress wrote it into the Party Constitution. In 2009, the Central Committee issued the “(Trial) Rules for CPC Inspection Work”. In August 2015, it distributed the “Rules for CPC Inspection Work”. In May 2017, the Political Bureau deliberated a resolution “On Revising the ‘Rules for CPC Inspection Work’”, and formally issued it on July 1.
According to these rules, inspection work must always be led by the Central Committee, with responsibilities assigned to each level; work must always be fact-based and done in accordance with the law; the mass line must always be observed and democracy given full play; the main responsibility for inspection work lies with the Party organization in charge of launching it; the principal work of an inspection team is to supervise the leadership teams and Party members under its jurisdiction; and inspection work can be in the forms of directed inspections, “second look” inspections, and “random” inspections. Twelve rounds of inspections have been organized by the Central Committee since the 18th National Congress, achieving for the first time in Party history full inspection coverage during the first term of a Central Committee.
Practice has shown inspection work to be effective and pragmatic. It has become an important platform for developing Party working practices and clean government, and for fighting corruption. It is an important form of internal Party supervision and a way to integrate this with supervision by the public. It is an important tool for higher level Party organizations to supervise lower levels ones, and it effectively supports the Party as it enforces comprehensive strict self-governance.
