国家监察体制改革
国家监察体制改革是中国的一项事关全局的重大政治体制改革举措。2016年11月,中国在北京市、山西省、浙江省开展国家监察体制改革试点,探索在上述3省市设立各级监察委员会。中共十九大报告提出,深化国家监察体制改革,将试点工作在全国推开,组建国家、省、市、县监察委员会,同党的纪律检查机关合署办公,实现对所有行使公权力的公职人员监察全覆盖。制定国家监察法,依法赋予监察委员会职责权限和调查手段,用留置取代"两规"措施。2017年10月,十二届全国人大常委会第三十次会议审议通过全国人大常委会关于在全国各地推开国家监察体制改革试点工作的决定草案。2017底2018年初召开的省、市、县人民代表大会全部产生监察委员会。监察体制改革与地方人大换届工作紧密衔接,将推动改革持续深入,实现全面从严治党与全面深化改革、全面依法治国有机统一。
Reform of the National Supervision System
Reform of the national supervision system is an important, cross-cutting political institutional reform measure. Pilot reform projects were rolled out in November 2016 in Beijing, Shanxi, and Zhejiang to explore the feasibility of establishing supervisory commissions at the provincial and local levels.
The report to the 19th CPC National Congress set the task to further reform the national supervision system, extend trial projects throughout the country, and establish supervisory commissions at the national, provincial, prefectural, and county levels, which work together with the Party's disciplinary inspection commissions as one office while keeping their own identity. This will ensure that supervision covers everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power. A national supervision law will be formulated. Supervisory commissions will be given responsibilities, powers, and means of investigation in accordance with law. The practice of shuanggui (A form of intraparty disciplinary action that requires a Party member under investigation to cooperate with questioning at a designated place and a designated time.) will be replaced by detention.
A draft decision on expanding pilot projects on reform of supervision system throughout the country was adopted in October 2017 by the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress at its 30th session. People's congresses at the provincial, municipal or county levels convened at the end of 2017 or at the beginning of 2018 all established supervisory commissions. Reform of supervision system will dovetail with elections of deputies to local people's congresses, and proceed as part of an integrated effort to enforce strict Party discipline, pursue in-depth reform, and promote the rule of law.