机构和行政体制改革

机构和行政体制改革

改革开放以来,中国进行了多轮机构和行政体制改革。中共十九大报告中提出了深化机构和行政体制改革的要求。主要举措包括:统筹考虑各类机构设置,科学配置党政部门及内设机构权力、明确职责。统筹使用各类编制资源,形成科学合理的管理体制,完善国家机构组织法。转变政府职能,深化简政放权,创新监管方式,增强政府公信力和执行力,建设人民满意的服务型政府。赋予省级及以下政府更多自主权。在省市县对职能相近的党政机关探索合并设立或合署办公。深化事业单位改革,强化公益属性,推进政事分开、事企分开、管办分离。2018年2月中共十九届三中全会审议通过了《中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定》和《深化党和国家机构改革方案》,党和国家机构改革迈出新的步伐。

Reform of Party and Government Institutions and the System of Government Administration

Since the policy of reform and opening up was initiated, several rounds of institutional reform have been launched. Further reform measures were proposed in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, including an integrated approach to reconfurating the structures of Party and government institutions, and rational assignment of clearly defined responsibilities among these institutions and their internal bodies. There should be better coordination in the use of various types of staffing resources. Efforts will be made to rationalize the governance structure, and improve the organic law for state institutions.

Transformation of government functions will be accompanied by moves to further streamline government and delegate powers, improve regulatory practices, and strengthen government credibility and effectiveness, with the aim of building a service-oriented government able to satisfy the needs of the people.

More power should be delegated to governments at and below the provincial level, and possibilities will be explored to merge or co-locate Party and government bodies with similar functions at the provincial, prefectural, and county levels. Reform of public institutions will continue, so as to ensure that they focus on serving the public good, without venturing into business activities, or being burdened with government functions. While government supervision remains indispensable, these institutions are responsible for their day-to-day operations.

The third plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in February 2018 reviewed and approved the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Deepening the Reform of Party and Government Institutions and the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and Government Institutions, marking a new step forward in this work.