乡村振兴战略
新世纪以来,中共中央持续加大对农村的扶持力度,坚持把农业、农村、农民问题作为工作的重中之重。从2003年起,连续15年中央一号文件均聚焦于农业、农村、农民。中共十七大和十八大也分别提出城乡统筹和城乡一体化的发展思路,对于推动农村发展、增加农民收入起到重要作用。当前,中国最大的发展不平衡,仍然是城乡发展不平衡;最大的发展不充分,仍然是农村发展不充分。中共十九大报告首次提出实施乡村振兴战略,并将其确定为决胜全面建成小康社会需要坚定实施的七大战略之一。
乡村振兴战略强调,坚持农业农村优先发展,按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求,建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系,加快推进农业农村现代化。乡村振兴的关键和重点是产业振兴。实施乡村振兴战略需要全面深化农村改革,巩固和完善农村基本经营制度,深化农村土地制度改革,完善承包地“三权”分置制度;保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变,第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年;深化农村集体产权制度改革,保障农民财产权益,壮大集体经济;确保国家粮食安全,把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中;构建现代农业产业体系、生产体系、经营体系,完善农业支持保护制度,发展多种形式适度规模经营,培育新型农业经营主体,健全农业社会化服务体系,实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接。实施乡村振兴战略还要有强大的科技和人才支撑,为此需促进农村一二三产业融合发展,支持和鼓励农民就业创业,拓宽增收渠道;加强农村基层基础工作,健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系;培养造就一支懂农业、爱农村、爱农民的“三农”工作队伍。
Strategy for Rural Revitalization
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the CPC Central Committee has continued to step up its support for rural communities. Issues concerning agriculture, rural development and the wellbeing of farmers now top the agenda of the Party. The first document issued by the central authority during each calendar year since 2003 had a rural focus. Plans for integrated urban-rural development were proposed in the reports to the 17th and 18th CPC national congresses, providing an important boost to agricultural development and farmers’ income.
Meanwhile, the urban-rural imbalance remains the most serious imbalance, and rural development remains the most serious development challenge. A rural revitalization strategy was thus unveiled in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress as one of the seven strategies for reaching the goal of building a moderately prosperous society.
The strategy emphasizes the importance of rural development, including the need to develop rural businesses, create a pleasant living environment, promote civility and effective governance, and improve the living standards of rural residents. To this end, enabling mechanisms and policies are needed to promote integrated urban-rural development, and speed up agricultural and rural modernization. The key to rural revitalization is developing rural businesses.
The strategy calls for in-depth rural reform to improve the basic rural economic structure. Especially important is rural land tenure reform aimed at separating ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights. Rural land contracting practices will remain unchanged; and existing contracts will be extended for another 30 years upon expiration. Reform of the rural collective ownership system will proceed to safeguard property rights of rural residents, and strengthen the collective economy.
It is crucial to always have control over our own food supply so as to ensure China’s food security. We will establish or improve mechanisms that encourage the development of modern rural businesses, promote agricultural production and best management practices, and provide support and protection for agriculture. It is also important to encourage the development of various types of economies of scale, modernize the rural structure, improve specialized agricultural services, and better align smallholder farming and the development of modern agriculture.
Rural revitalization would not materialize without the support of science and technology or without effective talent management. Integrated development of industry, agriculture and the service sector is essential in rural areas. We will support and encourage employment creation and entrepreneurship, and promote and encourage more income generating activities. It is important to strengthen basic services in rural communities and enhance rural governance by improving self-governance mechanisms and promoting the rule of law and ethical standards. It is also important to build a team of rural development professionals well versed in agricultural science and having an affinity with rural areas and the people there.
