家庭防控
家庭是社会的细胞,也是抗疫情的基础力量和重要防线。目前诸多新冠肺炎病例中,家庭聚集性感染的特征较为突出,这是因为多人长时间聚集在同一空间,很容易造成病毒传播扩散,出现“一人感染,一家传染”的情况。
家庭防控主要指为防止疫情扩散,以家庭为单位,在社区的指导下,各自做好自我管理和家庭管理。国家卫生健康委在2020年1月27日发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控公众预防指南汇编》中介绍了“家庭新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎预防指南”,提供了适用于家庭场所的日常预防建议:一是避免去疾病正在流行的地区;二是减少到人员密集、尤其是空气流动性差的公共场所活动三是不要接触、购买和使用野生动物,避免前往售卖活体动物的市场,禽肉蛋要充分煮熟后食用;四是居室保持清洁,勤开窗通风;五是随时保持手卫生六是外出佩戴口罩七是保持良好卫生和健康习惯八是主动做好个人及家庭成员的健康监测九是准备常用物资,如体温计、一次性口罩、家用消毒用品等。此外,该《指南》还对家庭成员出现可疑症状时的情况提供了防控建议,强调如家庭成员出现新冠肺炎可疑症状,应及时佩戴口罩并就医;如家庭中有人被诊断为新冠肺炎患者,其他家庭成员如果经判定为密切接触者,应接受14天医学观察;患者和密切接触者应避免与无症状的其他家庭成员近距离接触;对有症状的家庭成员经常接触的地方和物品进行消毒等。
Family Prevention and Control
The family is the cell of society and an important place of defense against the epidemic. Among novel coronavirus cases, family infections are prominent. The gathering of people in the same space for a long time can easily cause virus spreading and result in “infection of a whole family by one confirmed member.”
The Guidebook on Public Prevention of Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia issued by the NHC made the following suggestions for family members:
* Avoid visiting areas where the disease is prevalent;
* Reduce visits to crowded public places, especially places of poor ventilation;
* Do not touch, buy and eat wild animals; avoid visiting markets that sell live animals, and cook poultry, eggs and meat thoroughly;
* Keep your home clean and open windows frequently for better ventilation;
* Maintain hand hygiene;
* Wear a mask when going out;
* Keep good personal hygiene and health habits;
* Monitor health conditions of yourself and your family members;
* Keep necessary medical supplies at home, such as thermometer, disposable masks and domestic disinfectants.
The Guidance suggested that family members with suspicious symptoms should wear masks and seek prompt medical advice; when one family member is diagnosed with COVID-19, other members, if identified as close contacts, have to take medical observation for 14 consecutive days; patients and close contacts should avoid close contact with other family members who have no symptom; and the places where the family member with symptoms stays and the objects he/she frequently touches should be sterilized.