全面建成小康社会
改革开放之初,邓小平首先用“小康”来诠释中国式现代化,明确提出到20世纪末“在中国建立一个小康社会”的奋斗目标。在这个基础上,中共十六大提出本世纪头20年全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会的目标。中共十七大提出了全面建设小康社会的新要求。中共十八大对全面建设小康社会目标进行了充实和完善,将“全面建设小康社会”调整为“全面建成小康社会”。全面小康,覆盖的领域要全面,是五位一体全面进步的小康。全面小康,覆盖的人口要全面,是惠及全体人民的小康。全面小康,覆盖的区域要全面,是城乡区域共同发展的小康。全面建成小康社会,要求实事求是,因地制宜。
中共十八大以来,小康社会的内涵进一步扩展。习近平将扶贫开发与党和政府的职责、党的根本宗旨以及全面建成小康社会的目标要求和社会主义的本质要求相结合,深刻阐述中国现阶段扶贫开发的极端重要性和紧迫性。中共十八届五中全会明确提出,确保到2020年中国现行标准下农村贫困人口全部脱贫。中共十九大报告也对全面建成小康社会作出了明确部署。
全面建成小康社会,是“两个一百年”奋斗目标中的第一个百年奋斗目标,是中华民族伟大复兴征程上的重要里程碑,在“四个全面”战略布局中居于引领地位。
Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects
The goal of establishing a moderately prosperous society by the end of the 20th century was raised by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the roadmap for China’s modernization was being devised.
In its report to the 16th National Congress in 2002, the CPC Central Committee called for a continued push to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the first 20 years of the 21st century. New and more ambitious elements were subsequently added to this expanded concept at the Party’s 17th National Congress in 2007. In its report to the 18th National Congress in 2012, the CPC Central Committee announced the goal of completing the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the year 2020.
A moderately prosperous society in all respects is one with progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental spheres, with all the people being covered and sharing the fruits of development, and with moderate prosperity in both urban and rural areas. In building such a society, approaches applicable to local conditions are to be taken.
Since 2012, the definition of “a moderately prosperous society” has further expanded. Xi Jinping defines poverty alleviation as the mission of the CPC and the government, and calls poverty elimination a salient requirement of socialism, thus highlighting the extreme importance and urgency of poverty alleviation in present-day China.
At its fifth plenary session held in October 2015, the 18th CPC Central Committee announced the goal of helping all rural residents living below the current poverty line out of poverty by 2020. The CPC at its 19th National Congress in 2017 set a clear goal for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. This is the first of the Two Centenary Goals, and will be a milestone in the journey toward national renewal. It is the foremost element of the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy.
