现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫
2015年发布的《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》明确提出脱贫攻坚总体目标:到2020年,稳定实现农村贫困人口不愁吃、不愁穿,义务教育、基本医疗和住房安全有保障;确保中国现行标准下农村贫困人口全部脱贫,消除绝对贫困;确保贫困县全部摘帽,解决区域性整体贫困。
现行标准是指结合“三保障”措施制定的稳定温饱标准。在“三保障”的前提下,现行标准包括的食物支出比重(即恩格尔系数)为53.5%,按农产品出售和购买综合平均价,在农村地区每人每天消费1斤米面、1斤蔬菜和1两肉或1个鸡蛋。在此基础上,现行标准还包括保障一定数量的非食品支出,满足与健康生存同等重要的衣、住、用、行以及义务教育、基本医疗等需求,从而实现“不愁吃、不愁穿”的稳定温饱要求。扶贫标准每年按农村贫困人口面对的物价指数更新。
打赢脱贫攻坚战,有着明确的时间节点和攻坚目标。在实践中,要坚持现行脱贫标准,既不拔高,也不降低。
Eliminating Poverty Among Rural People Living Below the Current Poverty Line
According to the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty, promulgated in 2015, the overall goals set by the central leadership for poverty elimination are: by 2020, the rural poor will have adequate food and clothing and access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing; all rural poor population (defined as those living below current poverty line) will be lifted out of poverty and absolute poverty be eradicated; all impoverished counties will be free of poverty, and overall regional poverty will have been eliminated.
The current poverty line is a standard set to meet the people’s basic needs of food and clothing. Specifically, the Engel’s Coefficient (the proportion of income spent on food) of the poor population is 53.5 percent, and each rural resident has 500 grams of rice or flour, 500 grams of vegetables, and 50 grams of meat or one egg per day. A certain amount of non-food expenditure is also guaranteed to meet people’s needs for clothing, housing, daily expenses, travel, compulsory education and basic medical services. The standard will be updated based on the yearly price index affecting the rural poor.
China has a clear timetable and realistic goals for its battle against poverty. The current standard will neither be raised nor lowered.
