两不愁三保障
习近平指出,到2020年稳定实现农村贫困人口不愁吃、不愁穿,义务教育、基本医疗、住房安全有保障,是贫困人口脱贫的基本要求和核心指标,直接关系攻坚战质量。
“两不愁”是要稳定解决农村贫困人口的温饱问题。与过去“有吃、有穿”的要求相比,现行标准还可满足健康生存需要的热量和蛋白质需求,做到贫困人口“吃饱,适当吃好”。
“三保障”是要提高农村人口的发展和抗风险能力,为稳定解决温饱创造条件。实现义务教育有保障主要是让贫困家庭义务教育阶段的孩子不失学;实现基本医疗有保障主要是所有贫困人口都参加医疗保险制度,常见病、慢性病有地方看、看得起,得了大病、重病后基本生活过得去;住房安全有保障,主要是让贫困人口不住危房。此外,还要保障饮水安全,让农村人口喝上放心水。
“两不愁三保障”具有稳定性含义。教育、健康、住房都是管长远的,实现“三保障”意味着奠定了稳定的脱贫机制。
Two Assurances and Three Guarantees
China’s poverty relief goals are as follows: by 2020, the rural poor will be assured of adequate food and clothing, and guaranteed access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing. These are better known in China as “two assurances and three guarantees.” They are the basic requirements and the core evaluation metrics on which victory in the battle against poverty is directly dependent.
The “two assurances” will resolve the problems of food and clothing for impoverished rural people. Compared with the previous goal of meeting people’s basic needs for food and clothing, the current standard guarantees people’s needs for adequate calories and protein for good health, that is, they will not only have food to eat, but also eat properly.
The “three guarantees” will help enhance the rural population’s ability to offset risks and develop, and will create conditions for steadily resolving their problems of food and clothing.
Access to compulsory education means that children will not drop out of school because of inadequate family finances; access to basic medical services means that all impoverished people will be covered by medical insurance, that they can afford to see a doctor in the case of common and chronic diseases, and that their lives will not deteriorate severely should they suffer serious or critical diseases; access to safe housing means that disadvantaged people will no longer live in sub-standard houses. Rural residents will also be guaranteed access to safe drinking water.
The “two assurances and three guarantees” are of great significance to individuals in the long run. If these are met, it indicates that a sound mechanism for stable poverty elimination is in place.
