“五个一批”
习近平强调,解决好“怎么扶”的问题,需要按照贫困地区和贫困人口的具体情况,实施“五个一批”工程。一是发展生产脱贫一批:引导和支持所有有劳动能力的人立足当地资源,实现就地脱贫,依靠自己的双手开创美好明天。二是易地搬迁脱贫一批:贫困人口很难实现就地脱贫的要实施易地搬迁,按规划、分年度、有计划组织实施,确保搬得出、稳得住、能致富。三是生态补偿脱贫一批:加大贫困地区生态保护修复力度,增加重点生态功能区转移支付,扩大政策实施范围,让有劳动能力的贫困人口就地转成护林员等生态保护人员。四是发展教育脱贫一批:治贫先治愚,扶贫先扶智,国家教育经费要继续向贫困地区倾斜、向基础教育倾斜、向职业教育倾斜,帮助贫困地区改善办学条件,对农村贫困家庭幼儿特别是留守儿童给予特殊关爱。五是社会保障兜底一批:对贫困人口中完全或部分丧失劳动能力的人,由社会保障来兜底,统筹协调农村扶贫标准和农村低保标准,加大其他形式的社会救助力度;通过加强医疗保险和医疗救助,使新型农村合作医疗和大病保险政策对贫困人口倾斜;同时,也应高度重视革命老区脱贫攻坚工作。
“五个一批”的减贫思想,为具有差异的贫困人群提供了不同的发展模式,避免了单一减贫手段在面对不同贫困群体时的局限性。通过精准施策、精准扶贫,既充分满足了基本需求,又为贫困人口福利水平的提升营造了发展机会。
Five Measures for Poverty Elimination
Regarding the question of “how to help,” Xi Jinping has proposed five measures to be taken according to the specific conditions of poverty-stricken areas and impoverished populations:
(1) Boosting the economy to create more jobs for the disadvantaged. All those with the ability to work should be guided and encouraged to work for a better future with their own hands and rely on local resources to end poverty;
(2) Relocating those living under adverse natural conditions. Those who cannot escape poverty locally can be relocated in a planned and organized way. Efforts are needed to ensure smooth relocation and settlement, and ensure those involved have the means to better themselves;
(3) Providing eco-jobs for the poor. China has strengthened eco-environmental restoration and protection in impoverished areas, increased transfer payments in important ecological areas, expanded the scope of those eligible for preferential policies, and granted poor people with the ability to work the opportunity to serve as forest rangers or do other eco-work;
(4) Improving education in poor areas. The best way to help the poor is to raise their educational level. National education funds will continue to be weighted toward poverty-stricken areas, for basic education and vocational education. The education services in impoverished areas will be improved, and due attention be given to young children from impoverished rural households, especially “left-behind” children who stay in rural areas while their parents are away working as migrant workers; and
(5) Improving social security for poverty alleviation. Among the poverty-stricken population, those who have completely or partially lost the ability to work will be guaranteed social security. The standard of rural poverty alleviation allowance and that of rural subsistence allowance will be readjusted, and other forms of social aid be provided. Medical insurance and medical aid will be increased for poverty relief, and the rural poor will be covered by the new rural cooperative medical insurance and the serious illness insurance. More poverty relief efforts will be made to support the old revolutionary base areas of the CPC before the founding of the PRC.
These five measures offer different models of development for disadvantaged people living under different conditions on the one hand, and overcome the limitations any single method may have on the other. While satisfying the people’s basic needs, they also offer opportunities of better quality of life.
