因地制宜
“因地制宜”的基本意思是指根据各地的具体情况,制定适宜的办法,其较好概括了精准扶贫精准脱贫的基本要求,与“因人因户因村施策”共同构成了精准扶贫的核心要义。这一概念屡见习近平关于精准扶贫的论述中,例如,“因地制宜、因村因户因人施策的帮扶体系”“市县抓落实,就是要因地制宜,从当地实际出发,推动脱贫攻坚各项政策措施落地生根”“帮扶措施一定要实,因地制宜、因人因户施策,找准症结把准脉,开对药方拔‘穷根’”。
习近平以河北省阜平县为例,生动阐释了“因地制宜”的含义:推进扶贫开发、推动经济社会发展,首先要有一个好思路、好路子。要坚持从实际出发,因地制宜,理清思路、完善规划、找准突破口。比如,阜平有300多万亩山场,森林覆盖率、植被覆盖率比较高,适合发展林果业、种植业、畜牧业。还有晋察冀边区革命纪念馆和天生桥瀑布群这样的景区,离北京、天津这样的大城市都不算远,又北靠五台山、南临西柏坡,发展旅游业大有潜力。要做到宜农则农、宜林则林、宜牧则牧、宜开发生态旅游则搞生态旅游,真正把自身比较优势发挥好,使贫困地区发展扎实建立在自身有利条件的基础之上。
Acting According to Local Conditions
To act according to local conditions means devising appropriate measures suited to local realities. This is a basic lesson of China’s targeted poverty alleviation. To make it specific, targeted measures are tailored for each village, each household and each individual in severely poverty-stricken areas.
Xi Jinping has emphasized this point on different occasions. He demands that cities and counties be responsible for the execution of relevant policies according to local conditions, and make sure that these policies will take root and bear fruit. He likens targeted measures to “feeling the pulse of a patient” and “issuing the right prescription” by a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine.
He takes Fuping County in Hebei Province as an example. There must be good ideas and well-designed approaches that are applicable to local realities. With good planning, it is easy to make breakthroughs at the right point.
For instance, Fuping County has 3 million mu (200,000 hectares) of mountainous land, with a high forest coverage rate, which is suitable for orchards, plantations, and animal husbandry. There is a group of waterfalls and a museum in the old revolutionary base area. These are good tourist resources to develop, given the county’s proximity to Beijing and Tianjin, the Buddhist resort of Wutai Mountain, and Xibaipo (location of the CPC’s headquarters before it moved to Beiping, now Beijing, in March 1949).
Xi points out that different localities should make good use of their own comparative strengths to develop either agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry or eco-tourism, whatever is most suitable to them, so as to lay a solid foundation for long-term development.
