因户施策
脱贫攻坚贵在精准,重在精准。要在精准施策上出实招,在精准推进上下实功,在精准落地上见实效。解决好“扶持谁”的问题,就是确保把真正的贫困人口弄清楚,把贫困程度、致贫原因等搞清楚,找对“穷根”、明确靶向,做到扶真贫、真扶贫,做到因户施策、因人施策。解决好“谁来扶”的问题,就是坚持中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制,强化党政一把手负总责的责任制,坚持大扶贫格局,健全东西部协作和党政机关、部队、人民团体、国有企业定点扶贫机制,做到分工明确、责任清晰、任务到人、考核到位。
在地区差异性的基础上,习近平进一步指出,现在已经不搞大片区扶贫了,不是整个西北、整个东北怎么扶的问题,而是在不同区域里碎片化的情况下怎么抓的问题。扶贫是大政策,大政策还要细化,就像绣花一样。不同的地方、不同的贫困户有不同的扶法,新疆南疆是一种扶法,石漠化地区是一种扶法,太行山是一种扶法,青海三江源是一种扶法,大小凉山又是一种扶法,对民族地区、游牧地区、“直过民族”地区,对语言不通的地方和语言通的地方,对文化背景不同的地方,工作要因地制宜。可以多提供一些脱贫攻坚工作方面的好经验好做法,给大家启发。
Targeted Measures for Each Household
“Targeted” is the core nature of all the measures designed for poverty elimination and their implementation. Real efforts are needed in targeted policy-making and in delivering real results in policy implementation.
Regarding the question of “who needs help,” accurate information is to be obtained about the poor, their conditions and the root causes of their problems, so that targeted policies can be tailored for different households and individuals in need.
Regarding the question of “who provides help,” the working mechanism will continue whereby the central leadership makes overall plans, provincial authorities take overall responsibility, and city and county authorities take charge of implementation. Top Party and government officials at each level are responsible for poverty alleviation under their jurisdiction. All resources will be integrated to build synergy, and the mechanism be improved to enhance the cooperation between the east and the west, with a clear division of labor and responsibilities among Party and government departments, the military, people’s organizations, and state-owned enterprises, with specific tasks for their staff assigned to poverty alleviation, and with effective evaluation of their performance.
Speaking of regional differences, Xi Jinping points out that today region-wide poverty alleviation – for instance the whole of northwest or northeast China – is no longer a problem. The focus should shift to segmented zones within the large regions. Poverty alleviation is a general policy, and detailed rules for implementation should be worked out, like doing elaborate embroidery.
Different measures should be applied to different localities and impoverished households. These include southern Xinjiang, stony deserts, the Taihang Mountains, the source region of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers in southern Qinghai, the Greater and Lesser Liangshan Mountains, ethnic minority areas and grasslands, areas inhabited by the ethnic groups that have crossed stages of development to directly enter socialism, areas with different cultural backgrounds, and areas where standard Chinese language is not widely used. Good experience and methods of poverty elimination may be provided to inspire new ideas.
