贫困县全部摘帽
1986年,中国政府组建专门的扶贫开发工作机构,开启了政府主导的开发式扶贫事业。国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组按照严格标准在全国范围内识别出331个国家级贫困县,此后根据各时期扶贫开发形势的变化,先后三次调整了国家扶贫开发工作重点县名单。2011年,《中国农村扶贫开发规划纲要(2011—2020年)》颁布实施,国务院扶贫开发领导小组公布新一轮国定扶贫开发工作重点县和集中连片特困地区县,前者592个,后者680个,剔除重合部分,两者合计832个县,构成了脱贫攻坚战需要脱贫摘帽的县。
新时期脱贫攻坚目标是到2020年实现“两个确保”,即确保农村贫困人口实现脱贫、确保贫困县全部脱贫摘帽。2016年习近平在重庆调研时强调:“脱贫摘帽要坚持成熟一个摘一个,既防止不思进取、等靠要,又防止揠苗助长、图虚名。”2016年全国共有28个贫困县提出退出申请,其中江西省井冈山市、河南省兰考县率先通过国家专项评估检查,分别于2017年2月25日、27日由省级政府批准退出。2017年首批申请退出的28个贫困县脱贫摘帽,既是1986年国家设定贫困县以来第一次实现贫困县数量净减少,也是实现贫困县全部摘帽目标的良好起步,为今后几年贫困县退出树立了标杆、作出了示范。截至2020年2月底,全国832个贫困县中已有601个宣布摘帽,179个正在进行退出检查,还有52个贫困县即将摘帽,区域性整体贫困基本得到解决。
Lifting All Poor Counties Out of Poverty
China set up a special organization in 1986 to take charge of development-oriented poverty alleviation. This organization, the State Council Leading Group for Economic Development of Poor Regions, identified 331 poor counties across the country, and the list was subsequently adjusted three times based on changing conditions.
In 2011, the Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation of China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020) was released, and the updated list of 592 key poor counties and 680 ones in contiguous areas of extreme poverty – the total number being 832 after removing overlaps. They are the focus of state assistance to eliminate poverty.
By 2020, all rural poor population and poor counties are to be lifted out of poverty.
During an inspection tour in Chongqing in 2016, Xi Jinping pointed out that poor counties would be removed from the poverty list one by one once they had escaped poverty. These counties must neither be content with the status quo and wait for outside assistance, nor seek unwarranted credit by “pulling up seedlings to help them grow.”
In 2016, 28 poor counties applied to be removed from the poverty list. Among them Jinggangshan City of Jiangxi Province and Lankao County of Henan Province were the first to pass national evaluation reviews, and quit the list on February 25 and 27, 2017 respectively. With the 28 counties being removed from the poverty list, for the first time since 1986, China saw a net decrease in the number of poor counties. This set a good example for other poor counties to follow suit.
By late February 2020, 601 of China’s 832 poor counties had announced to have eliminated poverty, 179 were going through national evaluation reviews, and the remaining 52 were expecting to be removed from the poverty list soon. Overall regional poverty has been basically eliminated throughout the country.
