稳定脱贫长效机制
贫困具有长期和动态的特征。所谓稳定脱贫,是指通过创新观念、激活动力、稳定收入来源、完善基础设施、提升公共服务等方式,降低脱贫群体的脆弱性,增强其发展能力,不断改善其生活水平,永久跳出“贫困陷阱”。建立健全稳定脱贫长效机制不仅能够消除一家一户的绝对贫困,促进贫困地区经济社会的可持续发展,而且有助于阻断贫困的代际传递。建立健全稳定脱贫的长效机制,不仅影响打赢脱贫攻坚战的进程与质量,而且对于2020年后促进贫困地区经济社会可持续发展、减缓相对贫困,为实现第二个百年目标奠定基础,也具有重要意义。
对此,习近平指出,要把防止返贫摆在重要位置,适时组织对脱贫人口开展“回头看”,对返贫人口和新发生贫困人口及时予以帮扶。要探索建立稳定脱贫长效机制,强化产业扶贫,组织消费扶贫,加大培训力度,促进转移就业,让贫困群众有稳定的工作岗位。要做好易地扶贫搬迁后续帮扶,加强扶贫同扶志扶智相结合,让脱贫具有可持续的内生动力。
Long-Term Mechanism for Stable Poverty Elimination
Poverty is a state that may last indefinitely. Stable poverty elimination means that the people who have escaped poverty now have more initiative, stable sources of income, and better infrastructure and public services. They are less vulnerable, as they have more ability to manage their own development and improve living standards, and can escape the “poverty pitfall” permanently.
A sound long-term mechanism for stable poverty elimination will help individual households eliminate absolute poverty, promote sustainable economic and social development of poor areas, and stop intergenerational transmission of poverty. While influencing the progress and quality of poverty elimination, it will also be significant to poor areas in maintaining sustainable economic and social development and in mitigating relative poverty after 2020, thus laying a solid foundation for realizing China’s second centenary goal by the mid-21st century.
Xi Jinping has demanded action to prevent people from falling back into poverty. He has required follow-up checks at appropriate intervals and timely assistance to any new victims of poverty and those who fall back into poverty. With a long-term mechanism for stable poverty elimination in place, the poor can benefit from economic development, earn more from selling their products and services, receive more training, and find stable jobs other than farming. Assistance will continue after relocation, and the poor will have more confidence in their ability to escape poverty and acquire the skills they need to do so, so that poverty elimination will be sustained through the endogenous initiative of the poor themselves.
