整合涉农资金
在各级财政扶贫投入规模不断增加的情况下,贫困地区统筹安排使用扶贫资金却面临着一些难题。比如,由于上下权责不匹配,贫困县没有项目安排和资金使用自主权,“基层最知道自己哪儿疼,却没法开方抓药”;又如,由于专款专用的规定,“打酱油的钱不能买醋”,一定程度上造成项目和资金“碎片化”使用,制约了精准扶贫措施的成效。
针对这些问题,《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》明确提出,“建立健全脱贫攻坚多规划衔接、多部门协调长效机制,整合目标相近、方向类同的涉农资金。按照权责一致原则,支持连片特困地区县和国家扶贫开发工作重点县围绕本县突出问题,以扶贫规划为引领,以重点扶贫项目为平台,把专项扶贫资金、相关涉农资金和社会帮扶资金捆绑集中使用”。支持贫困县统筹整合使用财政涉农资金,既是提高财政资金配置效率、保障脱贫攻坚资金需求的关键之举,也是深化农村改革、加快实现农业现代化的重大探索。
2016年,国务院办公厅印发《关于支持贫困县开展统筹整合使用财政涉农资金试点的意见》,旨在通过试点,形成“多个渠道引水、一个龙头放水”的扶贫投入新格局,激发贫困县内生动力,支持贫困县围绕突出问题,以摘帽销号为目标,以脱贫成效为导向,以扶贫规划为引领,以重点扶贫项目为平台,统筹整合使用财政涉农资金,撬动金融资本和社会帮扶资金投入扶贫开发,提高资金使用精准度和效益,确保如期完成脱贫攻坚任务。
Integrating Government Funds for Rural Development
As they receive more poverty relief funds from the governments, poor areas often find problems in using the money. One problem is a lack of autonomy in arranging projects and using funds. Poor counties know where the money is needed the most, but do not necessarily have the power to use the money for that purpose. Under the rule that a fund can be used for its specified purpose only and cannot be diverted for other purposes, to some extent, projects and funds are “fragmented,” and this impacts the results of targeted poverty alleviation measures.
To address these problems, the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty proposed a long-term mechanism for docking different plans for poverty elimination, coordinating government departments, and integrating funds with similar purposes in agricultural development. In line with the principle of balance between power and responsibility, counties in contiguous areas of extreme poverty and key counties eligible for state assistance will focus on their own most prominent problems, follow poverty alleviation plans, and coordinate the application of special funds allocated for poverty relief, funds for agricultural development, and social assistance funds on key projects. This will enhance the efficiency of fund utilization to meet urgent capital needs. It will also drive rural reform to a deeper level and accelerate agricultural modernization.
The State Council issued in 2016 a document allowing some pilot priority counties to combine government funds for rural development. These trials are expected to create a new scheme of poverty relief inputs, by “diverting water from multiple sources and drawing it off through a single tap,” so as to increase the internal impetus of poor counties, enhance the efficiency of various funds in developing key projects, and divert more capital and social assistance resources into poverty elimination.
