社会保障兜底
社会保障兜底是“五个一批”工程的内容之一,指对贫困人口中完全或部分丧失劳动能力的人,由社会保障来兜底,统筹协调农村扶贫标准和农村低保标准,加大其他形式的社会救助力度,加强医疗保险和医疗救助,将新型农村合作医疗和大病保险政策向贫困人口倾斜。
《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》明确了“两不愁三保障”的脱贫攻坚目标。“三保障”的目标不仅是扶贫的新定位,也正视并提升了社会保障制度的地位,强化了完善社会保障制度建设的必要性。《决定》要求充分发挥社会保障减贫作用,提出一系列的社会保障减贫举措,特别强调开发式扶贫和农村低保制度均是中国反贫困的重要战略举措,要求做好两项制度的衔接,2020年前确保贫困地区的低保标准逐步达到脱贫标准。
Improving Social Security for Poverty Alleviation
Improving social security is one of China’s five targeted measures employed for poverty alleviation. The government will provide social security for poor people who have completely or partially lost the ability to work, unify the standards of rural poverty alleviation allowance and rural subsistence allowance, and increase other forms of social aid. It will also increase medical insurance and medical aid, and the new rural cooperative medical insurance and the serious illness insurance schemes will extend their scope to benefit the impoverished.
The Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty defined China’s goals in poverty elimination as assuring the basic needs of food and clothing for those living in poverty and guaranteeing that they have access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing. This elevates the importance of social security. The document also rolled out a range of measures for reducing poverty through social security, emphasized development-oriented poverty alleviation and the rural subsistence allowance system as China’s strategic measures in the campaign against poverty, and required integration of these two systems to ensure that all poor areas will see the standard of their subsistence allowance match that of national poverty alleviation allowance by the year 2020.
