开发式扶贫
开发式扶贫,是对传统的救济式扶贫的改革和调整,是中国政府扶贫政策的核心和基础。实行这个方针,就是以经济建设为中心,支持和鼓励贫困地区的干部、群众开发当地资源、发展商品生产、改善生产条件,增强自我积累、自我发展的能力。
坚持开发式扶贫是中国特色反贫困道路的重要特点,强调把发展作为解决贫困问题的根本途径,视贫困群众为扶贫开发的重要主体。中国不仅要减少贫困人口数量,还要提高贫困人口发展能力,促进贫困人口融入社会;不仅要帮助贫困人口摆脱贫困状态,还要降低人们陷入贫困的风险。开发式扶贫通过建构有利于农村产业发展的基础条件,引导贫困人口参与其中,不仅在经济意义上使贫困人口摆脱贫困,而且在社会层面使贫困人口远离贫困。
进入脱贫攻坚阶段,中国坚持开发式扶贫方针不动摇,动员和引导贫困群众将自己苦干巧干与党委、政府帮扶相结合,充分开发当地资源,逐步形成自我积累、自我发展能力,最终实现脱贫。随着贫困人口分布、贫困成因、贫困特征等情况的变化,党和政府不断调整完善扶贫策略和帮扶方式,更加强调扶贫的精准性。同时,还高度重视激发贫困群众的内生动力,充分调动贫困群众的积极性、主动性、创造性,教育和引导贫困群众依靠自己的辛勤劳动实现脱贫致富。
Development-Oriented Poverty Alleviation
Development-oriented poverty alleviation is different from the previous approach of providing funds to the poor. It is China’s core policy on poverty alleviation. Officials and residents in poor areas are encouraged to exploit local resources, expand commodity production, improve productive conditions, and increase their capacity for endogenous development.
It highlights development as the essential means to end poverty, and regards the poor as the main actors. China aims to reduce the size of poor population, enhance people’s relevant skills and integrate them into wider society. In addition to lifting the poor out of poverty, it also works to lower the possibility of their becoming victims of poverty in the first place.
Development-oriented poverty alleviation produces the basic conditions for rural economic development, and guides the poor to enlist in the effort. This will help them escape poverty both economically and socially.
China is following this approach in the last stage of its battle against poverty. The people are being mobilized and encouraged to work hard and apply their own ingenuity in addition to government support. They will fully exploit the local resources, make continual accumulation, and enhance development capacity for final poverty elimination. The CPC and the government will adjust the tactics and forms of assistance for targeted results in response to the changes in the distribution of poor population, and the causes and nature of their poverty. At the same time, efforts shall be made to ignite people’s enthusiasm and creativeness, educate and guide them to shake off poverty with their own hard work.
