产业扶贫
产业扶贫是一种建立在扶植产业发展基础上的扶贫开发政策方法,相比一般的产业化发展,更加强调对贫困人群的目标瞄准性和特惠性,更加强调贫困家庭从产业发展中受益。中国农村减贫发展长期重视产业的重要作用,从《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划(1994—2000年)》,到《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011—2020年)》,再到《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》,均十分重视发展产业促进贫困地区群众增收的重要性。
打响脱贫攻坚战以来,中共中央制定贫困地区特色产业发展规划,针对产业脱贫出台专项政策:实施贫困村“一村一品”产业推进行动,扶持建设一批贫困人口参与度高的特色农业基地;加强贫困地区农民合作社和龙头企业培育,发挥其对贫困人口的组织和带动作用,强化其与贫困户的利益联结机制;支持贫困地区发展农产品加工业,加快一二三产业融合发展,让贫困户更多分享农业全产业链和价值链增值收益;加大对贫困地区农产品品牌推介营销支持力度;依托贫困地区特有的自然人文资源,深入实施乡村旅游扶贫工程;科学合理有序开发贫困地区水电、煤炭、油气等资源,调整完善资源开发收益分配政策;探索水电利益共享机制,将从发电中提取的资金优先用于水库移民和库区后续发展;引导中央企业、民营企业分别设立贫困地区产业投资基金,采取市场化运作方式,投入到吸引企业到贫困地区从事资源开发、产业园区建设、新型城镇化发展,等等。
Poverty Alleviation Through Creating New Economic Activity
This is a special policy devised to support poor regions. It targets the poor, gives them preferential treatment, and emphasizes the need to focus on local development.
China has relied on this strategy to help the poor increase their incomes and to end poverty in rural areas. This can be seen in a number of documents, including the Seven-year Program for Lifting 80 Million People Out of Poverty (1994-2000), the Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation of China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020), and the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty.
To win the battle against poverty, the central leadership has worked out a plan for developing new economic activity in poor areas with a host of supporting policies:
•Every poor village is encouraged to develop one special product of its own, and special farming bases are formed to create jobs for the impoverished population;
•Local cooperatives involving farmers and leading enterprises are supported to act as the driving force, and strengthen their ties with poor households;
•Poor areas receive support in developing food processing, and accelerate the integrated growth of agriculture, industry and the tertiary sector so that poor households will benefit more from the appreciation earnings of complete industrial and value chains;
•Marketing and promotion of farm produce from poor areas will be reinforced;
•The natural and cultural potential of poor areas will be tapped to develop rural tourism;
•Local hydropower, coal, oil, gas and other resources will be developed in a rational and orderly way, and the policy on distributing the returns from resource development will be adjusted;
•A hydropower benefit sharing mechanism will be developed, and the profits produced by power generation will be first used for relocating residents from reservoir zones and for future development of these zones; and
•State-owned enterprises and private businesses will be guided to set up investment funds for industrial development in poor areas, and use the market to attract more people to join in the development of local resources, industrial parks and new cities and towns in poor areas.
