光伏扶贫
光伏扶贫是资产收益扶贫的有效方式,是产业扶贫的有效途径。光伏发电清洁环保、技术可靠、收益稳定,既适合建设户用和村级小电站,也适合建设较大规模的集中式电站,还可以结合农业、林业开展多种“光伏+”应用。在光照资源条件较好的地区因地制宜开展光伏扶贫,既符合精准扶贫精准脱贫战略,又符合国家清洁低碳能源发展战略;既有利于扩大光伏发电市场,又有利于促进贫困人口稳收增收。
从各地的实践看,光伏扶贫主要有四种类型:(1)户用光伏发电扶贫。利用贫困户屋顶或院落空地建设3〜5KW的发电系统,产权和收益均归贫困户所有。(2)村级光伏电站扶贫。以村集体为建设主体,利用村集体的土地建设100〜300KW的小型电站,产权归村集体所有,收益由村集体、贫困户按比例分配。(3)光伏大棚扶贫。利用农业大棚等现代农业设施现有支架建设的光伏电站,产权归投资企业和贫困户共有。(4)光伏地面电站扶贫。利用荒山荒坡建设10MW以上的大型地面光伏电站,产权归投资企业所有,之后企业捐赠一部分股权,由当地政府将这部分股权收益分配给贫困户。
Photovoltage Projects for Poverty Alleviation
Photovoltage (PV) projects have proved effective in China’s poverty alleviation efforts. Supported by reliable technologies, such clean power projects can produce stable incomes for the poor and benefit local development. The necessary equipment can be easily installed in small solar stations run by households or villages, or in large solar plants. They can also provide power for agriculture and forestry.
PV projects are especially suitable in places with a lot of sunshine. This also fits with China’s strategy of developing clean and low-carbon energies.
PV projects of varying scales can be flexed according to local conditions:
(1) 3-5KW solar facilities for household use can stand on rooftops or in the courtyards of rural households, with the property rights and incomes belonging to the households;
(2) 100-300KW solar installations for village use can be erected on collectively owned village land, with the property rights belonging to the village and the benefits shared by the village and poor households;
(3) PV plants based on greenhouses, with the property rights jointly owned by the investing enterprises and the poor households; and
(4) 10MW-plus PV plants can extend on unused mountain slopes, with the property rights owned by the investing enterprises, which will donate some shares from which the benefits will be distributed to poor households by the local government.
