贵州特色传统村落
“望得见山,看得到水,记得住乡愁”,贵州对传统村落的保护走在全国前列。在中国传统村落名录6819个村落中,贵州入围724个,数量位居全国第一,占全国的十分之一。其中,黔东南苗族侗族自治州累计409个,居全国市(州、地、盟)第一。
贵州注重立法保护传统村落,坚持保持传统村落整体性、原真性和可持续性,探索出一套保护与发展融合协调的方案。2017年8月,贵州推出的《贵州省传统村落保护和发展条例》是中国第一部传统村落保护和发展的省级条例。截至2020年4月,贵州建成并上线运行126个传统村落数字博物馆,采取信息化手段,为传统村落的传统建筑、古街小巷、古树名木、民风民俗等建档立卡。
贵州省传统村落多以木质结构为主。为了防火,贵州整合地方政府、消防部门涉农资金5.56亿元用于传统村落消防设施建设,实现消防基础设施建设全覆盖。在27个传统村落,开展了电气防火监控云平台建设示范,通过互联网信息传感与通信等技术实现实时处理,有效预防了电气火灾的发生。
在中国,贵州首倡并实施“生态博物馆”建设。自1997年起,中国政府与挪威开展合作,在贵州六枝特区梭戛乡、黎平县堂安侗寨、锦屏县隆里古城、贵阳市花溪区镇山村四个村寨建起生态博物馆。
Traditional Villages with Guizhou Characteristics
Guizhou is at the forefront of the country's endeavor to protect traditional villages. Among the 6,819 villages on the list of traditional villages in China, over one-tenth, or 724, are in Guizhou, more than any other Chinese provinces. In particular, there are 409 traditional villages in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, ranking first among Chinese cities, prefectures, and leagues.
Guizhou attaches great importance to the protection of traditional villages through legislation. It adheres to the principle of maintaining the integrity, authenticity and sustainability of traditional villages, and has devised a plan for the integration and coordination of protection and development initiatives. The Regulations of Guizhou Province on the Protection and Development of Traditional Villages, introduced in August 2017, are the first provincial regulations on the protection and development of traditional villages in China. As of April 2020, 126 digital museums of traditional villages have been launched in Guizhou, and IT means have been employed to archive the traditional buildings, ancient streets and alleys, ancient and famous trees, and folk customs of traditional villages.
Wooden structures are common in the traditional villages in Guizhou. To prevent fires, local governments have mobilized agriculture-related funds of RMB 556 million for the development of fire-fighting facilities in all the traditional villages. In 27 traditional villages, demonstration projects have been carried out on the development of electrical fire monitoring cloud platforms. Real-time monitoring is achieved with the help of information, sensing, and communications technologies so that electrical fires are effectively prevented.
Guizhou led the country in initiating the development of ecological museums. Since 1997, the Chinese government has set up ecological museums in four places of Guizhou in collaboration with Norway, including Suojia Township in Liuzhi Special District, Tang'an Dong Village in Liping County, Longli Ancient Town in Jinping County, and Zhenshan Village in Huaxi District of Guiyang City.
