政府管理体系
国家原子能机构是中国政府的核工业主管部门，负责研究制定中国核工业（除核电外）的政策、法规、规划、计划和行业标准，并组织实施；负责核安保与核材料管制、核设施退役及放射性废物管理、核出口审查和管理、核领域政府间及与国际组织的交流与合作；牵头负责国家核事故应急管理工作。
国家能源局是中国政府的核电主管部门，负责拟定核电法律法规和规章；拟定核电发展规划、准入条件、技术标准；提出核电布局和重大项目审核意见；组织协调和指导核电科研工作；组织核电厂的核事故应急管理工作；核电领域政府间国际合作与交流。
生态环境部（国家核安全局）是中国政府的核安全监管机构，负责核设施核安全、辐射安全及辐射环境保护工作的统一监督管理；负责核动力厂、研究堆与临界装置、核燃料循环设施、放射性废物、放射源与射线装置、核材料、民用核安全设备、铀（钍）矿和伴生矿、放射性物品运输安全的监督管理；负责反应堆操纵人员、核设备特种工艺人员等人员资质管理；负责核与辐射安全相关国际公约的履约。
按照国务院的分工，其他政府部门在各自职责范围内负责与核相关的管理工作。
Administrative Framework
The China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) is the competent authority for the nuclear industry in China. It is responsible for:
□ the development and implementation of policies, regulations, programs, plans, and industry standards with regards to the nuclear industry (excluding nuclear power);
□ nuclear security and nuclear material control, nuclear facilities decommissioning and radioactive waste management, nuclear export review and management, and exchanges and cooperation with foreign governments and international organizations in the nuclear field; and
□ the assumption of a leading role in national nuclear emergency management.
The National Energy Administration (NEA) is the competent authority for nuclear power in China. It is responsible for:
□ developing laws, regulations and rules concerning nuclear power;
□ developing development plans, access conditions and technical standards for nuclear power;
□ proposing geographical distribution of nuclear power plants and reviewing major projects;
□ organizing, coordinating and guiding scientific research in the field of nuclear power; □ organizing emergency management in case of accidents at nuclear power plants; and
□ conducting exchanges and cooperation with foreign governments on issues concerning nuclear power.
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment (National Nuclear Safety Administration) (MEE/NNSA) is the regulatory body for nuclear safety in China. It is responsible for:
□ centralized supervision and monitoring of nuclear facility safety, radiation safety and protection of the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation;
□ supervision and monitoring of nuclear power plants, research reactors and critical facilities, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, radioactive waste, radioactive sources and radiation devices, nuclear material, civil nuclear safety equipment, uranium (thorium) mines and associated minerals, and the safe transportation of radioactive materials;
□ qualification management of reactor operators and personnel engaged in special processes of nuclear equipment; and
□ implementation of the international conventions on nuclear and radiation safety.
Under the direction of the State Council, other authorities also have nuclear-related responsibilities in their respective areas of focus.
