大气污染防治行动计划
中共中央、国务院高度重视大气污染防治工作。2013年9月，国务院印发《大气污染防治行动计划》（简称“大气十条”），以保障人民群众健康为出发点，按照政府调控与市场调节相结合、全面推进与重点突破相配合、区域协作与属地管理相协调、总量减排与质量改善相同步的总体要求，提出要加快形成“政府统领、企业施治、市场驱动、公众参与”的大气污染防治机制，本着“谁污染、谁负责，多排放、多负担，节能减排得收益、获补偿”的原则，实施分区域、分阶段治理。
《大气污染防治行动计划》确定了十个方面的措施，即加大综合治理力度，减少多污染物排放；调整优化产业结构，推动产业转型升级；加快企业技术改造，提高科技创新能力；加快调整能源结构，增加清洁能源供应；严格节能环保准入，优化产业空间布局；发挥市场机制作用，完善环境经济政策；健全法律法规体系，严格依法监督管理；建立区域协作机制，统筹区域环境治理；建立监测预警应急体系，妥善应对重污染天气；明确政府企业和社会的责任，动员全民参与环境保护。
2018年7月，国务院印发《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》，明确了大气污染防治工作的总体思路、基本目标、主要任务和保障措施，提出了打赢蓝天保卫战的时间表和路线图。到2020年，全国地级及以上城市优良天数比率为87%，全国PM2.5平均浓度为33微克/立方米，6项主要污染物平均浓度同比均明显下降，超额实现“十三五”提出的总体目标和量化指标，《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》圆满收官。“十四五”时期，中国将深入开展污染防治行动，加强城市大气质量达标管理，持续改善京津冀及周边地区、汾渭平原、长三角地区空气质量，基本消除重污染天气。
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan
China's central authorities have attached great importance to air pollution prevention and control. In September 2013, the State Council released the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. Based on protecting the health of the people, the document set the general requirements of coordinating government control and market regulation, overall progress and breakthroughs on key issues, regional cooperation and local management, and simultaneous reduction of total emissions and quality improvement. The document also announced the decision to put in place a market-driven mechanism with government guidance, actions by enterprises, and public participation in air pollution control. The principles to follow are that those who pollute must be held accountable, and the higher the emissions, the heavier the responsibilities, while those who save energy and reduce emissions will receive reimbursement and compensation. Progressive region-specific measures will be taken.
The document listed 10 measures:
•increasing comprehensive treatment to reduce the discharge of varied pollutants;
•improving the industrial structure to promote transformation and upgrading;
•accelerating technical renovation of enterprises to increase their technological innovation capacity;
•moving faster to adjust the energy mix to provide more clean energy;
•raising the market access threshold of energy-saving and environmental protection sectors to improve the industrial spatial configuration;
•letting the market play its role and improving economic policies related to environmental protection;
•building a sound legal system and exercising strict supervision and management;
•setting up regional cooperation mechanisms to coordinate environmental protection;
•introducing a monitoring, early warning and emergency response system to address heavy air pollution; and
•defining the responsibilities of government agencies, enterprises and the public and encouraging the whole society to join the effort.
In July 2018, the State Council promulgated a Three-year Action Plan for Blue Skies, outlining relevant principles, goals, tasks and measures with a timetable and roadmap. By the end of 2020, air quality of cities at or above prefecture level was good or excellent for 87 percent of the year, the average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration was 33 micrograms per cubic meter, and the average concentration of six major pollutants had dropped by a notable margin year on year, thus surpassing the overall goals and quantitative targets set in the 13th Five-year Plan for 2016-2020.
China will continue its pollution prevention and control in the 14th Five-year Plan period (2021-2025). It will improve the management process for meeting air quality standards in urban areas, continue to improve the air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and adjacent areas, the Fenhe-Weihe River Plain, and the Yangtze River Delta, and basically eliminate heavy air pollution.
