伯希和
伯希和（Paul Pelliot，1878—1945），法国人，他是骗购敦煌藏经洞出土品精华的探险者，曾多次奉命前往中国购买古籍。1905年，被委任为法国中亚探险队队长，与测量师瓦扬（Louis Vaillant）和摄影师努埃特（Charles Nouette）一起，于1906年至1908年间进入丝绸之路北道，发掘巴楚、库车等地的佛教遗址。
1908年，伯希和一行到达敦煌并来到莫高窟，对全部洞窟进行编号、抄录题记、拍摄大量壁画照片。伯希和精通汉语并熟悉中国古典文献，很快取得王道士好感。王道士允许伯希和在藏经洞中翻阅全部文物，伯希和重点选取佛教大藏经未收的文献、非汉语文献和带有纪年题记的文献。他廉价骗购走大量藏经洞文献中的精品及斯坦因遗漏的绢画丝织品。1909年，中国学者在北京伯希和住处看到了他携带的敦煌文献，敦煌藏经洞才引起关注。
这些收集品运回巴黎，文献入藏法国国家图书馆，绢画丝织品等入藏吉美亚洲艺术博物馆。伯希和把在敦煌的发现写成书信，后编为《甘肃发现的一个中世纪文库》一文，汉译文名为《敦煌石室访书记》。回法国后，他将所摄敦煌壁画照片编为《敦煌石窟图录》全六册（1920—1924）；他与各科专家研究带回来的敦煌文献，形成《伯希和中亚探险队丛刊》；他去世后，由法国学者整理出版了《伯希和敦煌石窟笔记》。
Paul Pelliot
Paul Pelliot (1878-1945) was a French sinologist and explorer known for acquisition of the finest artifacts from the Library Cave in Dunhuang through deceptive purchases. He was commissioned multiple times to travel to China to purchase ancient books. In 1905, he was appointed leader of the French Central Asian Expedition. From 1906 to 1908, he took Louis Vaillant, a surveyor and Charles Nouette, a photographer on a journey across the northern route of the Silk Road to excavate Buddhist sites in regions such as Bachu and Kucha.
In 1908, Pelliot arrived in Dunhuang and visited the Mogao Caves, where he systematically numbered all the caves, transcribed inscriptions, and took numerous photographs of the murals. Fluent in Chinese and well-versed in classical Chinese literature, he quickly won the favor of Wang Yuanlu and access to all the artifacts in the Library Cave. Pelliot specifically sought texts excluded from Chinese Buddhist Canon, non-Chinese literature, and documents with dated inscriptions. He defrauded Wang and removed many high-quality artifacts from the Library Cave including silk paintings and textiles that Stein had missed. In 1909, Pelliot provided Chinese scholars access to some Dunhuang manuscripts at his residence, leading to growing interest in the Library Cave.
The collected items were transported to Paris, and the manuscripts are now housed in the National Library of France, while the silk paintings and textiles are held in Guimet Museum. Pelliot documented his discoveries in Dunhuang in letters which were later compiled into the work titled Une bibliothèque médiévale retrouvée au Kan-su. After returning to France, Pelliot compiled the photographs of the Dunhuang murals he had taken into a six- volume catalog titled Les grottes de Touen-Houang (1920-1924). Collaborating with various experts, he researched the Dunhuang manuscripts he brought back, which resulted in Mission Paul Pelliot (Documents conservés au Musée Guimet et à la Bibliothèque Nationale). Following his death, French scholars edited and published his notes under the title Grottes de Touen-houang: carnet de notes de Paul Pelliot.
