斯坦因
斯坦因（Marc Aural Stein，1862—1943），英籍匈牙利人，他是第一个骗购敦煌藏经洞文物的外国人，在英国和英属印度政府的支持下，先后完成了三次中亚探险。
1907年，斯坦因在进行第二次中亚探险时到达敦煌。斯坦因一行不仅在敦煌附近长城沿线掘得大量汉简，更到访莫高窟拍摄了大量洞窟照片，并利用王道士的无知，廉价骗购藏经洞出土敦煌文献24箱、绢画和丝织品等5箱。斯坦因后来出版的旅行记《沙漠契丹废址记》（1912）和正式的考古报告《西域考古记》（1921）对敦煌藏经洞均有详细记录。1914年，斯坦因第三次中亚探险时再次来到敦煌，又从王道士手中骗购570余件敦煌文献，这次经历在他的正式考古报告《亚洲腹地考古报告》（1928）中有记录。除了上述的旅行记和考古报告外，斯坦因还编著有《千佛洞：中国西部边境敦煌石窟寺所获之古代佛教绘画》（1921）一书。
这些从敦煌得到的出土文物和文献，主要入藏英国国家博物馆、英国国家图书馆和印度事务部图书馆，以及印度国家博物馆。
Marc Aurel Stein
Marc Aurel Stein (1862-1943) was a Hungarian-born British explorer and archaeologist. He was the first foreigner to convince Wang Yuanlu to sell him artifacts from the Library Cave in Dunhuang. With the support of the British and Indian governments, Stein undertook three major expeditions to Central Asia.
Stein arrived in Dunhuang in 1907 during his second expedition to Central Asia. His team not only unearthed a large number of Han-dynasty bamboo slips along the Great Wall near Dunhuang but also visited the Mogao Caves, taking numerous photos of the caves. By exploiting Wang's credulousness, Stein defrauded him into parting with 24 boxes of Dunhuang manuscripts and five boxes of silk paintings and textiles from the Library Cave at a low price. Stein later published travel accounts detailing his findings in Sand-buried Ruins of Khotan (1912) and an official archaeological report titled Serindia: Detailed Report of Explorations in Central Asia and Westernmost China (1921), both of which provide comprehensive records of the Library Cave. In 1914, during his third expedition to Central Asia, he returned to Dunhuang and again defrauded Wang into selling him over 570 pieces of Dunhuang manuscripts. This experience is documented in his Innermost Asia: Detailed Report of Explorations in Central Asia, Kan-su and Eastern Iran (1928). In addition to these travel accounts and archaeological reports, Stein also authored The Thousand Buddhas: Ancient Buddhist Paintings from the Cave-Temples of Tun-huang on the Western Frontier of China (1921), which focused on the ancient Buddhist paintings found in the Dunhuang Caves.
The artifacts and manuscripts removed from Dunhuang mainly flowed to collections of the British Museum, the British Library, the Library of the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, and the National Museum, New Delhi.
