国家监察体制改革
国家监察体制改革是中国正在进行的一项事关全局的重大政治体制改革举措，是推动全面从严治党向纵深发展的重大战略举措。深化国家监察体制改革，依法建立中国共产党统一领导的反腐败工作机构，构建集中统一、权威高效的国家监察体系，实现对所有行使公权力的公职人员监察全覆盖。
2016年1月，十八届中央纪委六次全会首次提出，要做好监督体系顶层设计，既加强党的自我监督，又加强对国家机器的监督。同年10月，中共十八届六中全会审议通过《中国共产党党内监督条例》，进一步完善党内监督体系，推进党内监督实现全覆盖。随后，中央办公厅印发《关于在北京市、山西省、浙江省开展国家监察体制改革试点方案》，部署在3省市设立各级监察委员会，从体制机制、制度建设上先行先试、探索实践，为在全国推开积累经验。
2017年10月，中共十九大对深化国家监察体制改革作出重大决策，要求将试点工作在全国推开，组建国家、省、市、县监察委员会，同党的纪律检查机关合署办公，实现对所有行使公权力的公职人员监察全覆盖；制定国家监察法，依法赋予监察委员会职责权限和调查手段，用留置取代“两规”措施。同年11月4日，全国人大常委会通过在全国各地推开国家监察体制改革试点工作的决定。
2018年2月，全国省市县三级监察委员会全部组建完成，深化国家监察体制改革试点工作取得重要阶段性成果；3月20日，十三届全国人大一次会议表决通过了《中华人民共和国监察法》；2018年3月23日，中华人民共和国国家监察委员会正式挂牌。
在国家监察体制改革过程中，中共中央部署改革试点任务，全国人大紧紧跟上，通过三地改革试点方案和在全国推开改革试点工作的决定草案，做到了立法和改革决策紧密衔接，使重大改革于法有据、立法主动适应改革需要。
The Reform of the National Supervision System
Reform of the national supervision system is an important measure of political reform cutting across all institutions. It will help improve the Party's self-governance. As reform progresses, a national system of efficient and authoritative supervision exercised by anti-corruption bodies under the CPC's leadership will be established, to cover everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power.
At its sixth plenary session in January 2016, the 18th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection emphasized the need for top-down design of the supervision system to exercise scrutiny of the Party itself and the state organs. The Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Scrutiny were passed at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in October of the same year, to improve and extend internal scrutiny to all Party members.
This was followed by pilot reform projects introduced in Beijing, Shanxi and Zhejiang to explore the feasibility of establishing supervisory commissions at provincial and local levels. These institutional pilots accumulated valuable experience for rolling out the reform across the country.
The report to the 19th CPC National Congress set the requirements to further reform the national supervision system, extend trial projects throughout the country, and establish supervisory commissions at the national, provincial, prefectural, and county levels, which would work together with the Party's disciplinary inspection commissions as one office while keeping their own identity. This would ensure that supervision covers everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power. A national supervision law would be formulated. Supervisory commissions would be given responsibilities, powers, and means of investigation in accordance with the law. The practice of shuanggui (a form of intra-Party disciplinary action that requires a Party member under investigation to cooperate with questioning at a designated place and a designated time) would be replaced by detention.
A decision on expanding pilot projects on reform of the supervision system throughout the country was adopted in November 2017 by the Standing Committee of the 12th NPC.
By February 2018, supervisory commissions at the provincial, prefectural or county levels had all been established. On March 20, the Supervision Law was adopted at the First Session of the 13th NPC, and three days later, on March 23, China's National Commission of Supervision started operations.
During the reform of the national supervision system, legislation dovetailed well with decisions by the central leadership. After the CPC Central Committee set the pilot reform tasks, the NPC followed up and adopted the plans on pilot reform, so as to guarantee that major reforms have a legal basis and are an active legislative response to the needs of reform.
