“一国两制”
“一国两制”，即“一个国家，两种制度”，是中国政府为实现国家和平统一而提出的基本国策。“一国两制”的基本内容是：在一个中国的前提下，国家的主体坚持社会主义制度，香港、澳门、台湾是中华人民共和国不可分割的部分，它们作为特别行政区保持原有的资本主义制度长期不变。在国际上代表中国的，只能是中华人民共和国。
中共十一届三中全会后，以邓小平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人从历史和现实出发，创造性地提出了“一国两制”的伟大构想，开辟了以和平方式实现祖国统一的新途径。1979年年初，邓小平在应邀访美期间指出，用什么方式解决台湾问题是中国内政，我们不再用“解放台湾”这个提法，如果两岸能够实现统一，我们将尊重那里的现实和制度。1982年1月，邓小平首次明确提出了“一国两制”的概念。同年2月，五届全国人大五次会议通过《中华人民共和国宪法》，及时将这一重大方针政策确定下来。通过外交谈判，中国政府与英国政府于1984年12月签署《关于香港问题的联合声明》，与葡萄牙政府于1987年4月签署《关于澳门问题的联合声明》。按照“一国两制”方针，中国政府先后于1997年7月1日和1999年12月20日对香港和澳门恢复行使主权。香港、澳门回归祖国后，重新纳入国家治理体系，走上同祖国共同发展、永不分离的宽广道路。“一国两制”实践取得了举世公认的成功，为解决台湾问题树立了光辉典范。
2017年10月，习近平在中共十九大报告中强调，坚持“一国两制”，推进祖国统一。解决台湾问题、实现祖国完全统一，是全体中华儿女共同愿望，是中华民族根本利益所在。“和平统一、一国两制”是解决台湾问题的基本方针，也是实现国家统一的最佳方式。中国共产党和中国政府将以最大诚意、尽最大努力争取和平统一的前景。
“一国两制”是中国特色社会主义的一个伟大创举，是一项前无古人的开创性事业，是中国为国际社会解决类似问题提供的一个新思路新方案，是中华民族为世界和平与发展作出的新贡献，凝结了海纳百川、有容乃大的中国智慧。
"One Country, Two Systems"
"One country, two systems" is a basic policy devised by the Chinese government for realizing peaceful reunification of the country. Under the "one country, two systems" framework, there is but one China, and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are inseparable parts of the People's Republic of China, but they will retain their existing economic system for a prolonged period of time as special administrative regions, while the rest of China implements a socialist system. Internationally, however, the PRC alone represents China.
This is a creative concept based on China's history and current realities, designed to achieve national reunification through peaceful means.
During his visit to the US in early 1979, Deng Xiaoping said that solving the Taiwan question was an internal matter for China. He indicated that the slogan "to liberate Taiwan" had been abandoned and said that if China could be reunited, the central government would respect the current reality and system practiced in Taiwan.
In January 1982, Deng put forward the idea of "one country, two systems," and this policy was written into the Chinese Constitution as amended at the Fifth Session of the Fifth NPC held in February.
Following diplomatic negotiations, in December 1984 the governments of China and Britain signed a joint declaration on the question of Hong Kong, and in April 1987 the governments of China and Portugal signed a joint declaration on the question of Macao. In line with the "one country, two systems" policy, the Chinese government resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997 and Macao on December 20, 1999. Hong Kong and Macao were again included in the national governance system and began to develop together with other parts of the country. They will remain part of the motherland. The practice of "one country, two systems" in both regions has been a resounding success and created a model for the solution of the Taiwan question.
In his report to the 19th CPC National Congress in October 2017, Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of following the policy of "one country, two systems" to promote national reunification. He said that resolving the Taiwan question to realize China's complete reunification is the shared aspiration of all Chinese people, and is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.
Peaceful reunification and "one country, two systems" are the fundamental means to solve the Taiwan question, and also the best way to achieve national reunification. The CPC and the Chinese government will strive for peaceful reunification with the greatest sincerity.
"One country, two systems" is a creation of Chinese socialism, a strategy never tried before in history. It offers the international community a new approach to addressing similar issues, and is a contribution to world peace and development on the part of China.
