资源高效利用制度
人类对资源的开发利用既要考虑服务于当代人过上幸福生活，也要为子孙后代留下生存根基。中共十九大报告指出，推进资源全面节约和循环利用。中共十九届四中全会《决定》进一步强调，要全面建立资源高效利用制度。这是一个关乎全局和长远的顶层制度设计，即改变传统的“大量生产、大量消耗、大量排放”的生产模式和消费模式，把经济活动、人的行为限制在自然资源和生态环境能够承受的限度内，使资源、生产、消费等要素相匹配相适应，用最少的资源环境代价取得最大的经济社会效益，形成与大量占有自然空间、显著消耗资源、严重恶化生态环境的传统发展方式明显不同的资源利用和生产生活方式。
全面建立资源高效利用制度，要树立节约集约循环利用的资源观，健全自然资源产权制度，实行资源总量管理和全面节约制度。要强化约束性指标管理，加快建立健全充分反映市场供求和资源稀缺程度、体现生态价值和环境损害成本的资源环境价格机制。要构建市场导向的绿色技术创新体系，大力发展节能环保产业。要完善资源循环利用制度，实行垃圾分类回收，构建覆盖全社会的资源循环利用体系。要倡导合理消费，推动形成勤俭节约的社会风尚。
The System for Efficient Utilization of Resources
The exploitation and utilization of resources should meet the current generation's desire for a happy life, and also leave a solid foundation for future generations.
The report to the CPC's 19th National Congress in 2017 announced the decision to encourage conservation across the board and promote recycling. The 19th CPC Central Committee, at its fourth plenary session in October 2019, decided to establish a system for efficient utilization of resources. This is a far-sighted top-level institutional design of importance to China's long-term development.
The system for efficient utilization of resources means changing the traditional model featuring massive production, massive consumption and massive emissions, keeping economic and human activities within the carrying capacity of natural resources and the eco-environment, and balancing resources, production, consumption and other factors, thus generating the maximum economic and social benefits at the minimum cost to resources and the environment. This will lead to new models of resource utilization and new thinking on work and lifestyle, which are obviously different from the traditional models that often result in occupation of large natural space, massive consumption of resources, and serious eco-environmental damage.
In establishing this system, people need to save and recycle resources, improve the system of property rights of natural resource assets, and implement the system for total consumption control and comprehensive resource conservation. The management of obligatory targets should be reinforced, and a sound resource pricing mechanism should be set up to fully reflect market supply and demand, scarcity of resources, ecological value, and cost of environmental damage. A system for market-oriented green technology innovation will be adopted to support energy-saving and eco-friendly industries. The system for resource recycling will be improved, and waste sorting will be spread across the whole society. Efforts are also needed to champion rational consumption, diligence and frugality.
