重大事项决定权
讨论决定重大事项是宪法和法律赋予人大及其常委会的一项重要职权，是加强和巩固党的执政地位，确保党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志的重要途径，是人民依法管理国家事务、管理经济和文化事业、管理社会事务的重要形式。
全国人大及其常委会行使这项权力，通常是以决定决议的方式体现。根据宪法规定，全国人大的重大事项决定权包括：审查和批准国民经济和社会发展计划和计划执行情况的报告；审查和批准国家的预算和预算执行情况的报告；批准省、自治区和直辖市的建置；决定特别行政区的设立及其制度；决定战争和和平的问题，等等。全国人大常委会的重大事项决定权主要包括：在全国人大闭会期间，审查和批准国民经济和社会发展计划、国家预算在执行过程中所必须作的部分调整方案；决定同外国缔结的条约和重要协定的批准和废除；规定军人和外交人员的衔级制度和其他专门衔级制度；规定和决定授予国家的勋章和荣誉称号；决定特赦；在全国人大闭会期间，如果遇到国家遭受武装侵犯或者必须履行国际间共同防止侵略的条约的情况，决定战争状态的宣布；决定全国总动员或者局部动员；决定全国或者个别省、自治区、直辖市进入紧急状态，等等。
Power of Decision on Major Issues
Discussing and deciding on major issues is an important function and power entrusted to the people's congresses and their standing committees by the Constitution and the law, an important way to strengthen and consolidate the Party’s ruling position and ensure that the Party's propositions become the will of the state through legal procedures, and an important form for the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs in accordance with the law.
The exercise of this power by the NPC and its Standing Committee is usually manifested in the form of decisions and resolutions.
The power of decision on major issues of the NPC includes:
• reviewing and approving the plan for national economic and social development and the report on its implementation;
• reviewing and approving the state budget and the report on its implementation;
• approving the establishment of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government;
• deciding on the establishment of special administrative regions and the systems to be instituted there;
• deciding on issues concerning war and peace.
The power of decision on major issues of the NPC Standing Committee includes:
• reviewing and approving partial adjustments to the plan for national economic and social development or to the state budget that prove necessary in the course of their implementation, when the NPC is not in session;
• deciding on the ratification or abrogation of treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states;
• instituting systems of titles and ranks for military and diplomatic staff, and other specific titles and ranks;
• instituting national medals and titles of honor and deciding on their conferment;
• deciding on the granting of special pardons;
• deciding on declaring a state of war in the event that the country is under armed attack or has to perform international treaties on joint resistance against aggression, when the NPC is not in session;
• deciding on national or local mobilization;
• proclaiming a state of emergency in the country or in a particular province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central government.
